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François Charles Hugues Laurent Pouqueville (; 4 November 1770 – 20 December 1838) was a French diplomat, writer, explorer, physician and historian, member of the Institut de France. First as the Turkish Sultan's hostage, then as Napoleon Bonaparte's general consul at the court of Ali Pasha of Ioannina, he travelled extensively throughout Ottoman occupied Greece from 1798 to 1820. With his far reaching diplomacy and with his writings, he became a prominent architect of the Philhellenism movement throughout Europe, and contributed eminently to the liberation of the Greeks, and to the rebirth of the Greek Nation. ==Youth: Minister and revolutionary== From a young age, his uncommon talent as a writer reveals itself. He began a lifelong correspondence with his younger brother, Hugues, and their dear sister, Adèle, the three remaining very close throughout their lives. His innumerable detailed letters to his siblings are still today an exceptional source of knowledge on every aspect of the life of a world traveller, explorer, and diplomat, during the French Revolution, the Napoleonic Empire, and the Restauration of the French Monarchy, at the turn of the 19th century. François Pouqueville studied at the college of Caen before joining the Lisieux seminary. He became deacon and was ordained at 21. He then was vicar in his native county of Montmarcé. Initially known for his convictions as young Royalist minister, he was protected and saved by his own congregation from the ''cleansing'' massacres orchestrated against the aristocrats by some uncontrolled revolutionary mobs during the ''Reign of Terror'' period. However, in these exalting times, like many of the young French aristocrats, he started supporting the rising democratic movement and, when on 14 July 1793 (year 2 of the French Republic) the primary Assembly of Le Merlerault adopted the new Constitution, François Pouqueville was its Secretary. He was assistant to the mayor (1793), then 23 years old and finding his vocation with the events of the French Revolution, he finally resigned from the clergy to become a teacher (1794), and a municipal assistant at Le Merlereault (1795). He remained a fervent Christian during all his life. However, his renunciation of the cloth, his strong Republican speeches, and his open criticisms of the Papacy, made him the target this time of the resurgent royalists in Normandy, and he had again to seek refuge in hiding – probably in Caen〔''From my solitude'' 1795 – notes and journals of François de Pouqueville (unpubl.)〕 – until the defeat in Quiberon of the royalist forces joined by the bands of Charette's chouans, destroyed by the Republican army led by Hoche, as it was done by Bonaparte – nicknamed Captain Canon – at the siege of Toulon and later in Paris. When François Pouqueville returned to Le Merlerault, the town's physician, Dr Cochin, who had been his colleague at the college of Caen, took him as student-surgeon. He then introduced him to his friend the professor Antoine Dubois〔 Professor A. Dubois liked Pouqueville as his own son. However, years later, on december 13, 1810, François Pouqueville wrote to Ruffin: "We are crossed, like friends can be, because I left the robe for the sword...Dubois looked at me as his own glory, and he was furious, when he saw me renegade. You can't imagine his anger truly comical: "It takes twelve things to be a doctor. You have eleven. – And which one do I lack? – You don't know how to make money. – ''Abrenuntio''(I give up!), I told him." An unpublished correspondence of François Pouqueville. Édouard Champion, Publisher, Paris 1921.〕 of the Faculty of Medicine in Paris and who was later the Empress Marie-Louise's doctor when she gave birth to Napoleon's only son, Napoleon II in 1811. François Pouqueville left Le Merlerault for Paris (1797). He was 27. Under Professor Dubois, he made rapid progress in medicine and surgery, and the following year, when then general Bonaparte's expedition to Egypt was decided upon, Pouqueville was one of the surgeons of its accompanying ''commission of sciences and arts of Egypt''. This turned to be a crucial decision which to considerable degree affected the rest of his life With dreams of glory and fortune, François Pouqueville embarked in Toulon with the ill-fated French Fleet under the command of Général Bonaparte as it sailed towards Egypt. On the way, he witnessed the taking of Malta,〔Having taken Malta, the French, in a typical magnanimous gesture, set free all the prisoners in the Maltese jails. Amongst those was Orouchs, a noted pirate who immediately went to the British Fleet to be rearmed, and resumed his criminal activities. It was him who, less than a year after being liberated in Malta, attacked the merchant vessel where Pouqueville was a passenger, took him prisoner and sold him to the Turks. ''Biographical notes'' François de Pouqueville (2009)〕 and he spent the days of the crossing to Alexandria teaching the French soldiers and sailors the vibrant lyrics of ''La Marseillaise'', the new French national anthem. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「François Pouqueville」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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